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The Islamic Movement Interactions within the Arab Uprisings: The impact of the Islamic movements interactions on thedemocratization process and the level of radicalization
Saad, Mohamed ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Esposito, John L (referee) ; Muhammad Mady, Abdel-Fattah (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science Dissertation Abstract The Islamist Movement Interactions within the Arab Uprisings The Impact of the Islamist Movements' Interactions on the Democratization Process and the Level of Radicalization Author: Mohamed Saad Supervisor: Janusz Salamon, Ph.D. Year of the defense: 2023 Abstract The Islamist movements played a socio-political role in many Arab and Middle Eastern countries. They provided social services and a resistance ideology, either for the West or local political regimes. They mobilized their supporters in a large social movement that crystallized the Islamic Ummah's relative deprivation and common grievances. In some cases, Islamism was used as a justification ideology to legitimize the ruling regime. Also, it has been used as an ideology to justify the use of radical and jihadist violence. The Islamism involvement in the Arab Spring raised the classic dilemma in a new shape, either to integrate the Islamists in an open political process; however, this integration may undermine democracy and individual rights in the long term, or to exclude the Islamists from the political life in a way that may encourage more Islamists to resort to violence to achieve their goals. The dissertation tests...
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South Sudan's border formation process: the case of Abyei
Porubčanová, Lenka ; Mičko, Branislav (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
The Sudan-South Sudan boundary has been the flashpoint of long-standing disputes between the two states. The most volatile area, however, is the oil-rich territory of Abyei. In the complexity of the localized zone, it is not only oil that forms the basis for the intractability of the two state's territorial disputes. This thesis aims to apply a newly developed theory of boundary formation that conveys broad insights into the possible drivers and factors of the border's state, not only in its technical definition. To this end, the thesis monitors some of the most influential factors compared across chronological periods. In such a mechanism, the thesis concretizes the state of the frontier by the selected structuralist theory. The extract further suggests a bidirectional relationship between the influence of state apparatus and border populations on the final borderwork. Therefore, the reflexivity of the population equally contributes to the border's state. This result demonstrates the theoretical model's broad applicability and a multidisciplinary explanation of the local border dispute fixation. Despite the limited scope, and hence the casual relationships examined, the thesis contributes to the debate on the stimulus for Abyei's territorial boundary tensions to some extent.
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The water resources of the Nile basin in the context of conflicts and peaceful cooperation
Hošková, Lucie ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Frajer, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of water resources in the Nile basin in the context of conflict and peaceful cooperation. The main aim of the work is to assess the hydropolitical potential, whether conflictory or rather cooperative is relevant. Following this goal, subsequently identify the main geopolitical actors in the Nile basin and see if the two tributaries of the Nile, blue and White Nile, differ in terms of hydropolitical potential. The theoretical framework of the work is defined by international-political concepts of neo-realism, i.e. whether disputes are primarily between states in the form of the demarcation of interests and power, or neoliberalism, which presupposes mutual cooperation in the framework of the management of resources. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the definition of the geographical-historical context with a focus on the East African region and the Nile basin following its character and history. A systematic review was chosen as the method of processing this work.
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Morfologické srovnání nosorožce tuponosého a n. Cottonova
KUBÍKOVÁ, Pavlína
Annotation This bachelor thesis contains a morphological comparison of two species of white rhinoceroses (i.e. Ceratotherium simum and C. cottoni), which includes a comparison of unpublished weights and body measurements in respect to taxon, sex and origin (wild-born versus captive-born individuals). The thesis also contains an overview of their differences and similarities in morphology, distribution, ecology, and conservation. It summarizes basic information about the history of breeding of the Nile rhinoceros and information about Nasi - the only known hybrid between the two species - as well.
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Owning Sudan's disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process : between theory and practice
Mackuliaková, Kristína ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
In a broader sense, this thesis examines the extent to which the international community decides on the application and shape of standard security templates in post-conflict environments. These standard templates are increasingly criticized for their inflexibility and inability to adapt to the actual conditions and needs on ground. In order to alleviate this criticism, as well as improve the success of these programs, the international community recently embraced the concept of national ownership. Whether it is a rhetorical concept and political tool and how its understanding differs between theory and reality are the main topics of this thesis. Specifically, the paper analyzes the concept of national ownership in the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants on the example of Sudan from 2003 until 2013. Sudanese DDR process has been defined as nationally owned, but nevertheless criticized for the blind following of international standards and overall inability to adapt to the context. The objective of the thesis was set out to establish what the interpretation of national ownership was in theory and compare it with the type of ownership that had taken place in practice. The main part of this study is the analysis of the control exercised by national and...
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The Analysis - Estimate of Non-batlle Civilian Deaths of Armed Conflicts in Sudan: a Darfur Case
Veselý, Lukáš ; Tomeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the impact of military conflicts on the local population in the case of Darfur conflict. Mainly, it should focus on the number of casualties resulting from the military conflicts in terms of direct and indirect. The work will try to find the answer to two questions. Firstly, it should cover whether the number of indirect casualties resulting from worsening living conditions (such as displacement) dramatically exceeded the number of people died during fighting or one-side violence. And what is the significance of displacement in terms of the death rate. The thesis is divided into two main chapters. The first chapter concentrates on the discussion created by the contemporary literature in the topic of impacts of military conflicts on the affected population. Furthermore, the next part explores the origins and the development of the conflict. On the other hand, the second chapter analysis the actual impacts of the conflicts on the local population, and discusses the results. Key words Armed conflicts, non-battle deaths, refugee camps, Sudan, Darfur
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Split of Sudan: Possible solution for other African Countries?
Šůcha, Václav ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of diploma thesis ,,Split of Sudan: Possible scenario for other African countries?" is to analyze internal and external causes of South Sudan's secession and to find out, if these causes have secessionist potential in the cases of Somaliland in Somalia and Biafra in Nigeria. Among the internal causes, we can find for example nationalism or human rights abuses, while the external causes are represented primarily by the role of international community. After South Sudan's declaration of indendence, many scholars what African countries were going to follow Sudan's scenario. For the same purpose, this thesis is aimed at analyzing the cases of Somalia and Nigeria or Somaliland and Biafra to be more precise. Somaliland has been de facto independent from Somalia since 1991 but it hasn't been recognized by any country yet. Although Biafra only exists on the paper, the local secessionist movement has been seeking an actualization of this political unit existing in the 1960s for many years now. First partial goal of this thesis is to analyze the secession of South Sudan according to set theories of secession and to create a hypothesis about suitable condiditons for other secessions. The rest of the thesis is dedicated to testing given hypothesis in the cases of Somaliland and Biafra.
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China's energy security and policy towards Africa
Harmašová, Natálie ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Karmazin, Aleš (referee)
The goal of the thesis was to shed light on the ways in which the People's Republic of China secures its energy security and identify the role of Chinese investments in Africa. The economic development results in increased demand for energy resources. In 1993 China became a net oil importer. Conceptualization of energy security in China consists in strengthening relations with oil-rich countries. In certain areas such as industry, transportation and military oil represents for now to that extent of use an irreplaceable source of energy. Therefore I will focus on activities of the People's Republic of China. More specifically, I will focus on investment activities of China in Sudan/South Sudan and Libya. Compared to the West, China seems to be a convenient business partner as it abides by the noninterference into another state's affairs rule. The rationale behind this principle is that every state has a right to choose its model of governance development while taking into consideration its unique conditions. Additionally, China puts emphasis on mutual benefits of South-South cooperation and does not condition investments with the request for changes in political system and banking sector of a recipient state. China chooses its partner countries based on political and stability and state of security...
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China's energy security and policy towards Africa
Harmašová, Natálie ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Karmazin, Aleš (referee)
The goal of the thesis was to shed light on the ways in which the People's Republic of China secures its energy security and identify the role of Chinese investments in Africa. The economic development results in increased demand for energy resources. In 1993 China became a net oil importer. Conceptualization of energy security in China consists in strengthening relations with oil-rich countries. In certain areas such as industry, transportation and military oil represents for now to that extent of use an irreplaceable source of energy. Therefore I will focus on activities of the People's Republic of China. More specifically, I will focus on investment activities of China in Sudan/South Sudan and Libya. Compared to the West, China seems to be a convenient business partner as it abides by the noninterference into another state's affairs rule. The rationale behind this principle is that every state has a right to choose its model of governance development while taking into consideration its unique conditions. Additionally, China puts emphasis on mutual benefits of South-South cooperation and does not condition investments with the request for changes in political system and banking sector of a recipient state. China chooses its partner countries based on political and stability and state of security...
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